Should We Help the Homeless - 2173 Words

Helping the Homeless? Coming home to a warm bed, with food, water, and resources is taken for granted by most people in America. What if all of that was suddenly snatched from you forcing you and possibly your family out to the streets with everything you own on your back. This might not even graze your mind that this could be possibility, but this is reality fir over 100 million people worldwide. With the downturn of the economy, and many natural disasters occurring this number is continuing to grow putting many more people out on the streets. This is an unsafe environment for people to live in not only adults are effected by this but many kids are growing up without homes and proper care. There needs to be changes in our system to help†¦show more content†¦Veterans consist of a large percentage of at risk of homelessness about 1.5 million are in poverty due to lack of support networks, and dismal living conditions in overcrowded or substandard housing. Currently 107,000 veterans do not have a home, and are scouring the streets. These are the people that served our country to make it the free and safe country it is today, and we repay them nothing. Many of the people suffer from lingering effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse, which are compounded by a lack of family and social support networks. A top priority for homeless veterans is secure, safe, clean housing that offers a supportive environment free of drugs and alcohol. Also many shelters are only for women and children, or families, and the majority of homeless veterans are single â€Å"most homeless people are single, unaffiliated men†¦ most housing money in existing federal homelessness programs, in contrast, is devoted to helping homeless families or homeless women with dependant children.†(Preventing Homelessness In America) Veterans need a coordinated effort that provides secure housing, nutritional meals, basic physical health care, substance abuse care and aftercare , mental health counseling, personal development and empowerment. Additionally, veterans need job assessment, training and placement assistance. Skyrocketing rents, anShow MoreRelatedHomeless : Should We Help Them?1392 Words   |  6 Pages#Homeless. Should we Help them? Every human in this world have the right to live decent life. Homelessness is the people do not have home. Home is huge meaning for feel safe. No home that’s mean no good place to sleep, no food, no family and even no friends. No anything from basic necessities of life. Imagine you are live like them. What is your feeling about it? Is it hard or simple? Is it good or bad? According to Collaborative Initiative to Help End Chronic Organization, â€Å"Using Continuum of CareRead MoreThe Homelessness Of The United States978 Words   |  4 PagesWhose responsibility is it to help the homeless in the United States? I believe that it is everyone’s responsibility. As of January 2015 the homeless count in America was 564,708 people (Fluit, 2015). Even though this is a decline in homeless in America this is still unacceptable. As Americans we need to do all that we can to decrease these numbers. There is so much we could do that would go a long way to help our homeless, like d onating time or money to the proper organizations. â€Å"In January 2015Read MoreTaylor s Campaign : The Homeless1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Homeless Kristal Lopez California State University, Fullerton Sociology 371 Section 02 Abstract Homeless are people who do not have the basic necessities to survive which leads them to living on the streets. In places like Santa Monica there are many homeless and rather than the city addressing the problem they are just making it like it doesn’t exist. Forcing the homeless to fix the situation when they are not able to get through. Middle class Santa Monica residents see the homeless as aRead MoreShould Homelessness Be Criminalized?1747 Words   |  7 PagesShould Homelessness Be Criminalized One of the most discussed topics around the world is homelessness. Each and everyday more and more people become homeless. People around the world have tried numerous times to resolve this dilemma. This situation is growing and it s starting to spiral out of control. One solution that s getting popular the more we let this situation grow is that criminalizing the homeless is good. People cannot criminalize the homeless. Homeless people should not be criminalizedRead MoreThe Homeless Are Homeless : A Middle Class Lifestyle After Marriage1654 Words   |  7 Pagesmany people can end up homeless from children, to adults, and even veterans. According to Doran, fifteen percent of America’s homeless are chronically homeless, which means the person has been homeless continuously for a year or more or has had at least four episodes of homelessness in the past three years (Doran). The reason there are so many homeless people now in the country is because of a very punitive and morali stic societal value we have about people who are homeless and in desperate need.Read MoreHomelessness Discursive1420 Words   |  6 Pages Firstly, let us examine some of the causes of homelessness and views about the homeless and from the homeless. Also, let us examine some initiatives that may help or solve the problem of homelessness. After extensive research, it can be seen that there are many reasons for becoming homeless such as: family problems, debt, drink and drug abuse and arguments in a family. Some people who become homeless are homeless because of debt. This happens when people do not have enough money and have to borrowRead MoreHomelessness : Is It Difficult For People? Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pagesis not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much, it is whether we provide enough for those who have little†)- Franklin D Roosevelt. Today Homelessness is becoming a huge problem in the streets of California. So why is it difficult for people to escape homelessness? Even though some people may argue that homelessness cannot be prevented, homelessness is preventable because everyone should have the right to housing, food, and the government should step in to help control the growthRead MoreThe Homeless Veterans Wandering On The Streets Of America1465 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the h omeless veterans wandering in the streets of America. All around America there is numerous homeless veterans who seek for a better way of life. They crave for jobs, food, and shelter. All they want in life is to live the American Dream, a dream full of opportunity and wealth. In 2013, Veteran Affairs had an estimation of 610,042 homeless people recorded in the United States, and over 394,698 of those homeless people were living in shelter homes. This means that 215,344 homeless people wereRead MoreVeterans : The Homeless Veterans1245 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness United States veterans have risked their lives in order to give us all the freedom we have today, yet they are struggling in the society we have today and are forced to live on the streets. One major issue in our world today is the increasing number of how many veterans are homeless. After researching I have found the five most commonly discussed topics in this subject are; the number of homeless veterans in the whole United States, the different causes of veterans homelessness, the statisticsRead Morehomeess in america Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Homeless in America Homeless in America When we are little we never see ourselves being homeless, we only have dreams of having a good life that has family, love, lots of money, nice cars, and big houses; we never think maybe we might end up homeless with nothing but the clothes on your back. Being American and in â€Å"the land of opportunity† we see and hear of endless possibilities, but everyone does not get to enjoy the possibilities because the possibilities are not really endless

The Sinusoidal Nature Of Generations - 1310 Words

The Sinusoidal Nature of Generations Emily Bronte’s melodramatic sensational novel, Wuthering Heights, is a heart-rending love story illustrated by a spectator narration. The story consumes the life of two romantic â€Å"soul mates† predestined to never ultimately be together and the impact of their lives on those who surround them. Each novel follows an undefined different story of a sole family. Gabriel Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude explores comparable themes as those in Bronte’s novel unraveling the story of the Buendia family and the tragic occurrences to each. The tragedy of the family affects the village where they originated from, inflicting pain similar to the characters of Wuthering Heights. Although the novels diverge in both time periods and cultural backgrounds, both illustrate the generational impact and inevitable repetition within society through the exploration of love, societal values, and happenings. Wuthering Heights establishes the replicating cycle of the second and third generation of the Earnshaw and Linton family line. Throughout each individual generation, names are reclaimed as well as characteristics within the personages are recycled. Cathy Linton is entitled after her beloved deceased mother Catherine Earnshaw Linton. Under the observation of her father, Edgar Linton, and later of Heathcliff, Cathy displays various behaviors and qualities that her mother possessed. A prime trait mutual by both is a frenzied temper especially displayedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Solar PV Power Generation727 Words   |  3 Pagesright type of converters for the different requirement in specific application has great influence on the optimum performance of the photovoltaic system. In last two decades, enormous developments have been taken place in the area of solar PV power generation. 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Non Sinusoidal – Multivibrators and UJT relaxation oscillators . 3.1.2 Type of Oscillators Based on Component RC Oscillators – Phase shift Oscillator , Wien Bridge Oscillator , UJT relaxation Oscillator . LC Oscillators – HartleyRead MoreA New Evolutionary Technique Big Bang Big Crunch Optimization2278 Words   |  10 Pagesevolutionary technique Big Bang-Big Crunch optimization is used for solving the transcendental equations for the fundamental frequency switching method for multilevel inverters. There are numerous methods which are as follows like (SPWM) First Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, (MCPWM)Second, Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation and (SHE-PWM) and Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation which are implemented for harmonic elimination specially in multilevel inverter. (MCPWM)Multi-CarrierRead MoreDesign A Control Strategy For A Voltage Sourced Inverter3371 Words   |  14 Pagescontamination and greenhouse gas emanations. 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Stockhausen began studying under Messaian with the influence of serialism, early pieces the influence can be seen from both, his mentor and Webern, notably in Kreuzspiel (1951), and Spiel (1952); the opening of Klavierstucke (1952) also beganRead MoreCobalt Resource Scarcity in the United States Economy5871 Words   |  24 Pages  Project          Due   to   an   increasing   global   demand   for   energy,   engineers   have   been   challenged   to   come    up   with   a   new   generation   synergy,   which   has   to   be   a   sustainable   energy   system.   One   of   the    major   capacity   additions   over   the   next   20   years   will   be   natural   gas   fired   power   plants,    which   utilize   gas   turbine   power   generation   equipment.   The   demand   for   cobalt   is   expected    to   increase   significantly.   But   can   the   identified   reserves   of   cobaltRead MoreTransient Stability Improvement Of Power3949 Words   |  16 PagesTransient Stability Improvement of Power System Integrated With Wind Generation K.SRINIVASA RAO1 Assistant Professor N.SRILATHA2 Assistant Professor Faculty of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Bharat Institute of Engineering Technology University College of Engineering (A), OU Hyderabad, TS, India-501510 Hyderabad, TS, India-500007 E-mail: katta040@gmail.com E-mail: latha_charya@yahoo.co.in Abstract: Global warming is the most concern to the environmental issues and

Marketing Communication Plan of Blackmore-Samples for Students

Question: Develop and Write an alternative IMC plan that Involves the Company you Currently work for or the Company you want to start up. Answer: Introduction This report is going to examine the Integrated Marketing Communication Plan of a popular Australian organization, i.e. Blackmore Limited. Blackmore Limited is a popular organization in Australia, which is engaged in manufacturing the vitamin and dietary supplements. The organization is adopting many effective promotional and advertising strategies in introducing the products to market. This discussion includes the integrated communication plan for Blackmore Limited. The following report is significantly emphasized on the products and services of organization, its target market and communication objectives like; brand awareness. Creative styles of advertising and media plan for Blackmore Limited. At the end, it evaluates the effectiveness of media plan and communication strategy of the organization. Thus, the entire communication plan will focus on the advertising and marketing activities, which will assist it in approaching to potential customers. By using effective communication strategies, it is expected that the intentions behind products will be communicated to the target audiences properly. Currently, the market position of Blackmore Limited is adversely affecting, so this communication plan assist the organization in introducing its products and services successfully. Company background Blackmore Limited is a popular organization in Australia, which was found as a naturopathic organization in the year 1938. It was established in Brisbane by Maurice Blackmore. Currently, the organization has emerged as a household health ad vitamin supplements. This organization has been an industry leader for over 70 years. Now, Blackmore is offering over 150 products and catering all the areas of health supplements and vitamins. It supplies its products via different distribution channels, like; retail pharmacy, supermarkets and food stores. The company has established its image as a most trusted organization in Australia (Blackmore, 2013). It has increased its revenues and profits over past few years, because of its huge demand from China country for high quality dietary and vitamin supplements. The major attraction towards company is that its products are not too much expensive and affordable for each and every level of people. At the end of financial year 2015, its revenues were over $471 million. There are many competitors in the industry, like; Swisse, Natures way, Cenovis Berocca etc. Marketing Objectives As discussed above, Blackmore Limited is a leading player in natural health and vitamin supplement industry. By following its mission and mission, the organization is working on its marketing objectives. The major marketing objective of Blackmore is to make the people aware about the vitamins, minerals, nutrients and herbs (Andrews and Shimp, 2017). The organization is looking towards natural health and motivating the population to invest money on their health and well-being. Target Audience Segment Analysis Market segmentation consists of categorizing the total population on the basis of different characteristics. These characteristics are like; demographics, psychographics and some other factors. The major target market of the Blackmore Limited is the young generation that is between the age group of 25 to 35 years (Young, 2014). The reason behind targeting this segment is that youth is a key pillar of the community. It is concentrating on the people, who are very conscious for their health and youths are very concerned about their health, so it can easily convince them for consuming their health and vitamin supplements. In addition, the company is targeting female consumers also because female group is more interested in buying dietary supplements. Organization emphasizes on behavioral characteristics because once the customers know about the quality and standard of products, they always prefer to consume those products due to their brand and quality (Daoud, 2016). Blackmore Limited i s focusing on offering best quality in products. Communication (Advertising) Objectives There are several players in the vitamin and supplement industry, such as; Swisse, Cenovis, Berocca and Natures Way. So, Blackmores need to set its communication objective and create a well-organized promotional campaign before launching new products in the market. The company has covered almost entire market in Australia, but still there is need to use effective strategies to gain competitive advantage in the market (Fehrnstorm Rich, 2009). By looking the market and potential customers, the Blackmore is developing its communication objectives, like; The first communication objective of company is to cover most of the Australian market with its major products, i.e. health and vitamin supplements. It will make the customers aware about the benefits of its products. This communication objective of Blackmores can be attained by collecting the information regarding the customers and available products in market. Another objective of Blackmore is to increase its market share in pharmaceutical industry. For this, it will focus on attracting new customers, who have never consumed these products. This objective of organization can be attained by enhancing brand awareness among Australian population. The last objective of the company is to increase its sales by focusing on the reviews and feedback from its existing customers. It will help the organization in enhancing the quality of products and gaining more profits (Freeman, 2010). For expansion of its business, the organization will start to sell pet care products in the market. For targeting segment for these new products, the company will perform the advertising activities with some repetitive messages. The above-mentioned communication objectives would be placed by Blackmores Limited for the integrated communication plan to get a better position in Australian industry. Styles of creative advertising In the modern business environment, there are so many organizations, which have adopted creative styles for advertising strategy to attract the customers towards their products. The organization creates these styles by considering different factors, like; behavioral, demographic, psychographic etc. creative strategy of a company is a strategy that is related to deciding on that what data and information must be included in the advertising message. Blackmores Limited is advertising its products and services by using a slogan or tagline, i.e. Stay healthy, Stay powerful. The promotional plan of organization will be prepared on the basis of this tagline, as it will retain existing customers and creating new customers. The advertisement is created to enhance the awareness of the vitamin and dietary supplements for Blackmores Limited. It will definitely enhance the brand image and reputation of Blackmore Limited Australia (Ibis world, 2016). It will increase the market coverage of Blackmo re in the Australian market. This creative style of advertising will be beneficial for this integrated communication plan of Blackmores. In addition, the organization will create a creative advertising message. There may be some ethical issues related to communication objectives of Blackmores Limited. Sometimes, advertising and marketing causes the people to buy the products, which are not affordable for them. This can be true in the case of Blackmores Limited. The prices of products are very high, so people cannot afford easily, but the advertising of dietary and health supplements influences the youths and female group, who are very conscious to their health. Another issue may be related to the advertisement of prescription products of company (Keller, 2009). The code of conduct of company includes that advertisements for the prescription products should not be sited in any part of prescribing software packages. In addition, the organization will not provide the comparative data about the advantages and disadvantages of other brands. These are the ethical issues, which can affect the future growth and success of organization. Advertising message Along with the creative advertising style, Blackmores Limited will develop a creative advertising message. In this, the information about companys products and services will be included in a creative and attractive way. There will be a special message for its new products, i.e. pet care products. This message will assist the organization in increasing product awareness among its potential customers. There are some marketing techniques, which can be used in the organizations promotional campaign, i.e. direct marketing, advertisement, public relations etc. These techniques will assist Blackmores Limited in creating awareness among existing customers and creating new customers. It can use public relation technique to collect feedback from customers, so they can make improvement in their current products (Luttrell, 2016). It will motivate the customers to purchase their products, because they will think that company cares about them. It will enhance the trust of population for the compan y. Media Plan In developing the media plan, Blackmores Limited will implement different media strategies and use many media vehicles, which will help the company in achieving its communication objectives and creative strategy. This media plan will be developed very efficiently and effectively, so that the organization can appeal the customers. Following are the media vehicles and media strategies, which can be adopted by Blackmores in being more competitive and increasing its presence among public (Luxton, Reid and Mavondo, 2015). Online Media Online media can work as most effective tool in the promotional plan of any organization. Blackmores Limited can use online marketing to promote its products to the bulk of population. Reason behind choosing this marketing tool is that currently most of the people are actively engaged in using the social media and networking sites. It is the most popular tool in todays era. So, online media marketing is the best, which can be used in its promotional plan. There are different modes of social media, like; Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Youtube etc. which will be used by Blackmore to promote its products. In the social media marketing tools, there are both paid and unpaid tools. The company will promote its products and services on these social networking sites (Mihart, 2012). It can create a page on Facebook, where it can showcase its existing and new products. In addition, it will use E-mail marketing that can also be implemented by Blackmores. Only 1% market will be taken by organizat ion for market increment. If the organization uses these channels effectively, it will assist in targeting the market and creating new customers in the market. Generally, online media marketing is considered as a two-way communication methods. Events Conducting different events are also a great way of reaching to the potential customers. There may be different events, which can take place for the customers. In these events, companys customer support executive can have a conversation with the people. The organization can conducted these events in shopping malls and some other public places. These types of events will assist the organization in recognizing the demands and expectations of customers. Through these events, Blackmore can understand the attitudes and perception of customers towards their products and services (Ots, Ots, Nyilasy and Nyilasy, 2017). This is also a two-way communication method that can attract the people effectively. Traditional method of media There are some methods, which can be very effective for promotion for promoting the products, but these media channels are very expensive for the company. This method consists of broadcasting the advertisements of health and vitamin supplements on these channels, which are popular in the market. This media vehicle can help the Blackmores to approach the people, who are not using internet and social media networking sites. Moreover, distributing pamphlets and putting hoardings on roads will aid the company in increasing its public presence. This method of media is one sided communication method, which will be used by Blackmores Limited in communicating with its customers and promoting its products (Percy, 2014). Print Media Print media is an effective way to enhance the brand awareness of Blackmores. In this, the people can get the knowledge about companys products via print media, like; newspapers and magazines. For this, the organization will select the newspapers and magazines, which are highly circulated in the area. It will also place the ads in health and fashion magazines to attract the targeted customers. Thus, these media vehicles can help Blackmores Limited in implementing its creative style of advertising and attaining its communication objectives. The major objective behind choosing these media vehicle is to convey their advertising message and ideas to customers and motivate them to purchase their dietary and vitamin supplements. Evaluation of IMC plan effectiveness After developing the Integrated Marketing Communication plan, it is a significant task to get a confirmation that the implemented media strategies are on the target. The evaluation of this plan will be done on the basis of how Blackmores reaches to its target customers and achieve its communication and marketing objectives (Shimp, 2008). This evaluation will be done after implementing the promotional plan in the process. First, the company will evaluate the feedback of customers to the advertisement on the media channels. The people in marketing team will see that the advertisements are effective to entice the interest of people from their target market. As the organization is adopting different vehicles of media, so the effectiveness of plan will totally depend on these media, which showcase the introduction of products of Blankmores Limited. If there will more broadcasting and print media, there company can do more publicity among people. Blackmores uses the post testing and pretesting techniques for gaining revert from target market. The testing techniques will be implemented accordingly, like; post testing will be done after the promotional campaign. This organization will conduct this evaluate the impact of actions and change the mind of customers towards organizational products (Thorson and Moore, 2013). In addition, the organization will conduct a survey, in which it will take the opinions of customers. Furthermore, Blackmores will prepare a questionnaire, which will include some questions regarding the products of company. It will be filled by customers and other external stakeholders. After the implementation of promotional plan, the organization will observe the results of this campaign. By the evaluation process, it will be analyzed that whether the IMC plan of Blackmores Limited is successful in communicating to the people and achieving its objectives. Thus, the success or failure of integrated communication plan of Blackmores Limited can be evaluated by using different methods. After evaluating the plan, the company can make changes according to the needs of plan. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that Blackmore Limited is a leading organization in Australia that manufactures and sells dietary and vitamin supplements. People can consume these supplements as medicines to improve their health and make them more healthy and strong. The organization is creating an IMC plan to promote its new and existing products. This plan will help the organization in attracting the customers and staying competitive in the market. Thus, the plan includes different media strategies and creative advertising strategies for reaching to the customers. It will help the organization in enhancing awareness among customers about its products. In this way, this promotional plan can be successful to the company for attaining its marketing and communication objectives. References Andrews, J.C. and Shimp, T.A., 2017.Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Nelson Education. Blackmore, 2013, Blackmores Limited Presentation to Goldman Sachs Emerging Companies Conference 15 May 2013, retrieved from https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20130515/pdf/42fx2m44xv8zd4.pdf. Daoud, H., 2016, 8 Essential Elements of a Social Media Marketing Strategy, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/essential-elements-social-media-marketing-strategy/ Fehrnstorm, M. Rich, D.M, 2009, Using Events to Drive an Integrated Marketing Model. Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications. Freeman, R.E, 2010, Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge University Press. Ibis world, 2016, Blackmores Limited - Profile Company Report Australia, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/enterprisefull/segments.aspx?entid=1165 Keller, K.L, 2009, Building strong brands in a modern marketing communications environment. Journal of Marketing Communications. Luttrell, R., 2016, Social Media: How to Engage, Share, and Connect, Rowman Littlefield Luxton, S., Reid, M. and Mavondo, F., 2015. Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), pp.37-46. Mihart, C, 2012, Impact of Integrated Marketing Communication on Consumer Behaviour: Effects on Consumer Decision Making Process. International Journal of Marketing Studies. Ots, M., Ots, M., Nyilasy, G. and Nyilasy, G., 2017. Just doing it: theorising integrated marketing communications (IMC) practices.European Journal of Marketing,51(3), pp.490-510. Percy, L, 2014, Strategic Integrated Marketing Communications. Routledge Publications. Thorson, E. and Moore, J. eds., 2013.Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Shimp, T.A, 2008, Advertising Promotion and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications. Cengage Learning. Young, A., 2014.Brand media strategy: integrated communications planning in the digital era. Springer.

International Economics and U.s. Exports Essay Example Essay Example

International Economics and U.s. Exports Essay Example Paper International Economics and U.s. Exports Essay Introduction International Flow of Funds Lecture Outline Balance of Payments Current Account Capital and Financial Accounts International Trade Flows Distribution of U. S. Exports and Imports U. S. Balance of Trade Trend International Trade Issues Events That Increase International Trade Trade Friction Factors Affecting International Trade Flows Impact of Inflation Impact of National Income Impact of Government Policies Impact of Exchange Rates Interaction of Factors Correcting a Balance of Trade Deficit Why a Weak Home Currency is not a Perfect Solution International Capital Flows Distribution of DFI by U. S. Firms Distribution of DFI in the U. S. Factors Affecting Direct Foreign Investment Factors Affecting International Portfolio Investment Impact of International Capital Flows Agencies that Facilitate International Flows How International Trade Affects an MNC’s Value Chapter Theme This chapter provides an overview of the international environment surrounding MNCs. The chapter is macro- oriented in that it discusses international payments on a country-by-country basis. This macro discussion is useful information for an MNC since the MNC can be affected by changes in a country’s current account and capital account positions. . Balance of Payments. a. Of what is the current account generally composed? ANSWER: The current account balance is composed of (1) the balance of trade, (2) the net amount of payments of interest to foreign investors and from foreign investment, (3) payments from international tourism, and (4) private gifts and grants. b. Of what is the capital account generally composed? ANSWER: The capital account is composed of all capital investments made between countries, including both direct foreign investment and purchases of securities with maturities exceeding one year. . Inflation Effect on Trade. a. How would a relatively high home inflation rate affect the home country’s current account, other things being equal? ANSWER: A high infla tion rate tends to increase imports and decrease exports, thereby increasing the current account deficit, other things equal. b. Is a negative current account harmful to a country? Discuss. ANSWER: This question is intended to encourage opinions and does not have a perfect solution. A negative current account is thought to reflect lost jobs in a country, which is unfavorable. International Economics and U.s. Exports Essay Body Paragraphs Yet, the foreign importing reflects strong competition from foreign producers, which may keep prices (inflation) low. 3. Government Restrictions. How can government restrictions affect international payments among countries? ANSWER: Governments can place tariffs or quotas on imports to restrict imports. They can also place taxes on income from foreign securities, thereby discouraging investors from purchasing foreign securities. If they loosen restrictions, they can encourage international payments among countries. 4. IMF. a. What are some of the major objectives of the IMF? ANSWER: Major IMF objectives are to (1) promote cooperation among countries on international monetary issues, (2) promote stability in exchange rates, (3) provide temporary funds to member countries attempting to correct imbalances of international payments, (4) promote free mobility of capital funds across countries, and (5) promote free trade. b. How is the IMF involved in international trade? ANSWER: The IMF i n involved in international trade because it attempts to stabilize international payments, and trade represents a significant portion of the international payments. 5. Exchange Rate Effect on Trade Balance. Would the U. S. balance of trade deficit be larger or smaller if the dollar depreciates against all currencies, versus depreciating against some currencies but appreciated against others? Explain. ANSWER: If the dollar weakens against all currencies, the U. S. balance of trade deficit will likely be smaller. Some U. S. importers would have more seriously considered purchasing their goods in the U. S. if most or all currencies simultaneously strengthened against the dollar. Conversely, if some currencies weaken against the dollar, the U. S. importers may have simply shifted their importing from one foreign country to another. 6. Demand for Exports. A relatively small U. S. balance of trade deficit is commonly attributed to a strong demand for U. S. exports. What do you think is th e underlying reason for the strong demand for U. S. exports? ANSWER: The strong demand for U. S. exports is commonly attributed to strong foreign economies or to a weak dollar. 7. Impact on International Trade. Why do you think international trade volume has increased over time? In general, how are inefficient firms affected by the reduction in trade restrictions among countries and the continuous increase in international trade? ANSWER. International trade volume has increased because of the reduction in trade restrictions over time. It may have also increased for many other reasons, such as increased information flow (via Internet etc. ) between firms in different countries. Inefficient firms are adversely affected if they have to face tougher competition from foreign firms as a result of a reduction in trade restrictions. 8. Effects of the Euro. Explain how the existence of the euro may affect U. S. international trade. ANSWER: The euro allowed for a single currency among many Eu ropean countries. It could encourage firms in those countries to trade among each other since there is no exchange rate risk. This would possibly cause them to trade less with the U. S. The euro can increase trade within Europe because it eliminates the need for several European countries to exchange currencies when trading with each other. 9. Currency Effects. When South Korea’s export growth stalled, some South Korean firms suggested that South Korea’s primary export problem was the weakness in the Japanese yen. How would you interpret this statement? ANSWER: One of South Korea’s primary competitors in exporting is Japan, which produces and exports many of the same types of products to the same countries. When the Japanese yen is weak, some importers switch to Japanese products in place of South Korean products. For this reason, it is often suggested that South Korea’s primary export problem is weakness in the Japanese yen. 10. Effects of Tariffs. Assum e a simple world in which the U. S. exports soft drinks and beer to France and imports wine from France. If the U. S. mposes large tariffs on the French wine, explain the likely impact on the values of the U. S. beverage firms, U. S. wine producers, the French beverage firms, and the French wine producers. ANSWER: The U. S. wine producers benefit from the U. S. tariffs, while the French wine producers are adversely affected. The French government would likely retaliate by imposing tariffs on the U. S. beverage firms, which would adversely affect their value. The French beverage firms would benefit. Advanced Questions 11. Free Trade. There has been considerable momentum to reduce or remove trade barriers in an effort to achieve â€Å"free trade. Yet, one disgruntled executive of an exporting firm stated, â€Å"Free trade is not conceivable; we are always at the mercy of the exchange rate. Any country can use this mechanism to impose trade barriers. † What does this statement mean? ANSWER: This statement implies that even if there were no explicit barriers, a government could attempt to manipulate exchange rates to a level that would effectively reduce foreign competition. For example, a U. S. firm may be discouraged from attempting to export to Japan if the value of the dollar is very high against the yen. The prices of the U. S. oods from the Japanese perspective are too high because of the strong dollar. The reverse situation could also be possible in which a Japanese exporting firm is priced out of the U. S. market because of a strong yen (weak dollar). [Answer is based on opinion. ] 12. International Investments. U. S. -based MNCs commonly invest in foreign securities. a. Assume that the dollar is presently weak and is expected to strengthen over time. How will these expectations affect thetendency ofU. S. investors to invest in foreign securities? ANSWER: The expectations of a strong dollar would discourage U. S. nvestors from investing abroad. If the dollar is relatively weak now, U. S. investorsneed more dollars to make purchase foreign currency (when investing). If thedollar strengthens over their investment horizon, they willexchange the foreigncurrency (as the investment is liquidated) into dollars at a less favorable exchange rate than the exchange rate at which they converted dollars into the foreign currency. That is, the exchange rate effect would reduce the yield that they earn on their investment. b. Explain how low U. S. interest rates can affect the tendency of U. S. -based MNCs to invest abroad. ANSWER: Low U. S. nterest rates can encourage U. S. -based MNCs to invest abroad, as investors seek higher returns on their investment than they can earn in the U. S. c. In general terms, what is the attraction of foreign investments to U. S. investors? ANSWER: The main attraction is potentially higher returns. The international stocks can outperform U. S. stocks, and international bonds can outperform U. S. bonds. Howev er, there is no guarantee that the returns on international investments will be so favorable. Some investors may also pursue international investments to diversify their investment portfolio, which can possibly reduce risk. 3. Exchange Rate Effects on Trade. a. Explain why a stronger dollar could enlarge the U. S. balance of trade deficit. Explain why a weaker dollar could affect the U. S. balance of trade deficit. ANSWER: A stronger dollar makes U. S. exports more expensive to importers and may reduce imports. It makes U. S. imports cheap and may increase U. S. imports. A weaker home currency increases the prices of imports purchased by the home country and reduces the prices paid by foreign businesses for the home country’s exports. This should cause a decrease in the home country’s demand for imports and an increase in the foreign demand for the home country’s exports, and therefore increase the current account. However, this relationship can be distorted by other factors. b. It is sometimes suggested that a floating exchange rate will adjust to reduce or eliminate any current account deficit. Explain why this adjustment would occur. ANSWER: A current account deficit reflects a net sale of the home currency in exchange for other currencies. This places downward pressure on that home currency’s value. If the currency weakens, it will reduce the home demand for foreign goods (since goods will now be more expensive), and will increase the home export volume (since exports will appear cheaper to foreign countries). c. Why does the exchange rate not always adjust to a current account deficit? ANSWER: In some cases, the home currency will remain strong even though a current account deficit exists, since other factors (such as international capital flows) can offset the forces placed on the currency by the current account. We will write a custom essay sample on International Economics and U.s. Exports Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Economics and U.s. Exports Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Economics and U.s. Exports Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer